Description
1. Most Important Goals
- Conduct a completely self-sufficient housing, capable of water, energy and food needed by its occupants, and serve as a model for future generations.
- Make a house with a high degree of industrialization.
- Perform a low-cost housing and low maintenance.
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
2. Architectural Solution
The house is located on undeveloped land near the city of Valencia. Because the ideology of their owners and the lack of infrastructure, it is desired that the house is completely self-sufficient, and to generate energy, water and food that may require its occupants.
Energy self-sufficiency is achieved in three ways: 1) Projecting a home that consumes very little power. The house has high thermal bioclimatic and regulates every day of the year. Therefore, the home does not need fresh mechanical devices, and has little need for heating systems. Only a biomass boiler is simple enough to heat the house a few days you need. 2) Incorporating a very low electrical power consumption (avoiding unnecessary, such as oven, juicer, electric toothbrush, toaster, etc ...) and lights very low power LEDs. 3) Incorporating solar photovoltaic captors little energy to generate electricity needed by the housing (2 kw. Peak), and sensors to generate solar thermal hot water you need. In this way the home does not need mains supply of electricity.
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
- The water self-sufficiency is achieved in three ways: 1) Collecting rainwater that falls on the roof garden of the house, collecting water from an underground well dug for that purpose, and collecting gray water generated by the housing (sink , urinals, showers, washing machine, toilets). 2) decanting, filtering and storing water collection, and 3) purifying and naturalizing the stored water through reverse osmosis membrane and triple anti-bacterial systems (which regulates the characteristics of the resulting water through an electronic processor). In this way the home does not need mains supply of water. The resulting water is mineral water with a mineral content chosen by the user.
On the other hand, sewage becomes "compost" for the orchard and garden, with help from the ashes of the fireplace in the house and a composter located outside the housing.
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
- Food self-sufficiency is achieved by growing the staples in the fertile land of rustic plot in which housing is located. The Mediterranean climate allows several crops a year of cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables. And the arable land is more than enough to feed the occupants of the house and small farm animals you have.
The property has a single height and tripartite structure. The central zone consists of a single double-height space, and houses the dining room and kitchen of the house. In this space are focused on other rooms of the house, sharing the same temperature. In summer, the shutters close completely outside the South, and the house is illuminated by indirect sunlight from the north (thus, naturally lit and not heated). However, in winter, fully open the shutters of the south, and housing becomes a huge greenhouse, maximizing solar radiation and warming itself.
The formal structure of the house represents and reflects the worship that surrenders to the use of load-bearing wall in the composition of buildings with bioclimatic high. The load-bearing wall greatly increases the thermal inertia of the building, and is able to store heat or cool, and maintain a stable temperature inside the building.
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
3. Sustainable Analysis
1. Resource Optimization
1.1. Natural Resources. They take full advantage of resources such as the sun (to generate hot water, and provide natural lighting throughout the interior of the house), the breeze, the land (to cool the house), rainwater (water tanks reserve for garden irrigation and consumption), vegetation (for the garden, gardens and green roof) ... .. On the other hand, we have installed water saving devices in faucets, showers and tanks housing and treatment systems and naturalization of gray water and rainwater for mineral water suitable for consumption.
1.2. Resources made. The materials used are maximized, reducing potential waste through proper project management and effective (concrete panels, concrete blocks, wood paneling, wood-cement panels, bamboo panels, ceramic tiles, woodwork , sandwich panels, ...).
1.3. Resources recovered, reused and recycled.
The vast majority of building materials can be recovered (flooring, woodwork, glass, wood beams, girders, deck, cabinets, wood coatings, sunscreens, health, ...).
On the other hand, has promoted the use of recycled and recyclable materials such as polypropylene water pipes, drain pipes, polyethylene, chipboard, insulation made from recycled paper towels aircraft, panels, recycled plastic recycled glass, Silestone and ECO panels for kitchen countertops and floors, etc ...
2. Reduced energy consumption
2.1. Construction.
Housing has built and renovated with minimum energy consumption. The materials used were manufactured with a minimum amount of energy.
2.2. Use
Due to their bioclimatic characteristics, the home has a very low power consumption.
The house is heated by the greenhouse effect, heat emitted by the occupants and, just possibly, a chimney of biomass. Hot water is generated through the solar thermal sensors built into the south face of the whole.
The house is cooled by a geothermal underground architectural system, and needs no mechanical conditioning system, so no energy.
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
2.3. Dismantling
The vast majority of materials used can be easily recovered for reuse in the construction of another building (flooring, woodwork, glass, wood beams, girders, deck, walkways, cabinets, wood coatings, sunscreens, pergolas heather, health, ...).
3. Use of alternative energy sources
The energy used is of two types: solar thermal (solar captors to produce the ACS) and geothermal (architectural system to cool the air, taking advantage of existing low temperatures underground in the tunnels underneath the house).
4. Reduction of waste and emissions
The property does not generate any emissions, nor generate any waste, except human waste, used to make "compost" for the orchard and gardens of the house.
5. Improving health and wellbeing
All materials used are environmentally friendly and healthy and have no emissions that can affect human health. Similarly, the house is naturally ventilated, and maximizing natural lighting, creating a healthy environment and provides the best possible quality of life for its occupants.
6. Reduced price of the building and maintenance
The house has been designed in a rational way, and most of its components are industrialized, eliminating unnecessary items, unnecessary or gratuitous, allowing construction to a greatly reduced price, despite the equipment that incorporates ecological. Similarly, housing is almost maintenance: regular cleaning, and treatment of wood biennial vegetable oils.
4. Eco-friendly materials
1. Foundations and structure.
Two sheets of drywall and insulation. The inner leaf is the load-bearing wall of reinforced concrete 15 cm. thick (with high thermal inertia). The outer leaf of precast concrete is lighter than 6 cm. Inside there is a double sheet of hemp insulation layer of 5 cm. and a ventilated air space of 3 cm. In some parts of the facade has been replaced with concrete exterior panel for ventilated facade based Iroko wood treated with vegetable oils. The floor is made out of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels.
2. Exterior finishes
Silicate paint. Wood tongue and groove boards Iroco, heat treated and dyed with vegetable oils.
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
3. Interior finishes
Paintings vegetables. Plywood Parquet Flooring bamboo. Double panel doors bamboo plywood, and treated with vegetable oils.
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
4. Cover
Roof garden, with an average thickness of 30 cm. of soil. Pitched roof sandwich panel based includes: top board wood-cement (wood chips and cement) of 13 mm, bottom board of birch plywood 13 mm, internal insulation of hemp fiber of 10 cm. in thickness. Based coating with a layer of rubber sheet and a coating of zinc.
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
5. Others
Water pipes made of polypropylene. Polyethylene drainage pipes. Energy-efficient appliances. Walls and floors of high performance glass. Iroko wood carpentry treated with vegetable oils. Cotton canvas awnings. Shading Iroko solid wood treated with vegetable oils. All woods used have a certificate of origin with selective logging and ecological treatment (FSC).
5. Most important innovations
Food Self-Sufficiency
The property has several biological orchards, which provide basic food for the occupants. The Mediterranean climate allows several crops a year of cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables. And the arable land is more than enough to feed the occupants of the house and small farm animals you have.
Water Self-Sufficiency
Housing is self-sustaining water. That is, does not connect to the systems of municipal water supply (though it connected to the network of "water" in order to have an alternative source of water, if necessary).
The water required for human consumption for human health, and irrigation of green areas is obtained from several complementary sources: 1. Ground water. The property has several probes to extract water from underground aquifers. The water thus obtained is filtered and purified to become unfit for human consumption. 2. Rainwater. Rainwater that falls on the building is collected and stored in a tank of 7,000 liters perimeter. The water is filtered and purified to become unfit for human consumption. 3. Recycling greywater. Greywater generated by the filter housing and stored in warehouses located for this purpose. The water thus obtained is filtered and purified to become unfit for human consumption.
Energy self-sufficiency
The home is energy self-sufficient. That is, not connected to the systems of municipal electricity.
This self-energy is due to three reasons: 1. The optimal bioclimatic housing design that makes very little power or for heating or lighting (only need 20% of the energy normally consumed a house in the same area and at the same location). 2. Using a poly-heating biomass fuel. 3. Using low-power LED luminaire (housing consumes just 200 watts of lighting). 4. Elimination of redundant appliances and completely unnecessary appliances (electric toothbrush, toaster, juicer, yogurt, ... and the like). 5. Installing a photovoltaic power generation 2,000 watts / peak, and a system of electric storage batteries based on energy-efficient green. 6. Use of kitchen and refrigerator powered by biogas. 7. Proper education of users of housing, which behave in an honest and rational, and have a correct perception of what the man's place in the world.
Integrated waste disposal
The house was built without generating waste, as the few waste generated have been used in building it. On the other hand, the organic waste generated during the use of the property is managed optimally and are used to make "compost" to serve as fertilizer for the surrounding gardens. On the other hand, properly treated sewage, and are also used for payment of these orchards.
Green roof with native species
The green roof garden is designed on the basis of indigenous plant species in the Valencian Community, with little water consumption. The housing cover symbolizes and shows how any site can be built with a 100% occupancy and at the same time ensuring a 100% green area.
Low price
The house is built with a very low price, despite being completely self-sufficient in water, energy and food, not to generate waste, and to be perfectly integrated in nature. All this makes housing a reference for future generations.
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| image by Luis de Garrido |
Facts
Name: Ramat Eco-House
Date: 2009
Client: Manuel Serna
Place: Chiva, Valencia
Surface: 300.50 m2
Budget: 324,400 euros
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